12/07/2022
By wizewebsite
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Bertha von Suttner: Woman with Czech roots that won the Nobel Prize for Peace<

The year is 1893, the day after the holiday of the three kings.On the table in the study Bertha von Suttner lies a letter, he arrived from Sweden.Bertha has released the novel Disarry!How not!Bertha was born in Prague, and although she spends the most time between Vienna and Paris, Prague has a piece of her heart, founded the Czech section of the World Peace Society, performed with speeches on tolerance and urged Germans and Czechs to leave hostility.

Bertha is known throughout Europe with its ignition for peace!He sits in the study, looks at the well -known font on the letter cover, the royal coat of arms of Sweden and smiles - writes Alfred, friend Alfred Nobel.They know each other for years.Bertha was young and in love.She still wore her girl's name Kinský, after her father.As a governor, she took a fresh place in Vienna to Karel Suttner's family to teach his four daughters to music and languages.The Suttner also had a son, the youngest Arthur.Oh, Arthur!

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Bertha dreams, but she also feels relief, it was a hard time.They were hiding with Arthur, she was seven years older, no one wanted them their love, and when she came to light, her breadmakers Bertha were quickly into Paris, away, far from him.But at that time her heart was not only for Arthur, but also for work - she threw herself into her with her own, but in Mr. Nobel's office, where she joined as a secretary, she was enough.

Alfred Nobel has fond of well -known Bertha, they became friends and corresponded throughout their lives - even though Bertha soon returned to Vienna from Paris, and secretly married Arthur.Bertha scares memories and opens a letter from Alfred.He reads quickly, with enthusiasm covers his mouth, he wants to dance and scream!Alfred writes to her that she establishes a special fund from which he will pay award to scientists, doctors, and those who have contributed to peace.Bertha knows that Alfred's emphasis on peace is her work.That in many previous letters and discussions Alfred had some of the previous letters to support peace efforts to shield her pacifism.But this is more than she expected!He has no idea that if Alfred dies three years later and the Nobel Prizes really start to be awarded, she will be the first woman to win peace.This will happen in 1905.

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It's just fair!

This story is little known in our country, the name Bertha von Suttner is almost forgotten, although she is a native of Prague.In Austria and Germany, it is called Streets, its portrait is decorated with a two -ouris coin, reminded of conferences and commemorative plaques.While the first woman- Nobel Prize winner for physics and then in the chemistry of Marie Curie-Skłodowska we know at least the name, Bertha von Suttner, whose influence on the Nobel Peace Award itself is undeniable, few people recall.It is symptomatic - for Czechs and women.

In 2016, the Swedish Royal Academy announced that Nobel's Awards are increasing the number of women in juries that decide on laureates and laureates.Women in the scientific community are increasing and it is fair to reflect even the most prestigious awards.The number of women in the jury even exceeded the number of jurors men for the first time in history in 2018.

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But not all scientists are reconciled.When the European Organization for Nuclear Research organized a conference on women in science, Italian physicist Alessandro Strumia, professor of the University of Pisa, also appeared.He said in his paper that women were not discriminated against and that they were pushing out a man from scientific posts for quotas.He earned criticism not only at the conference itself, but for example CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research), led by Italian Physician Fabiola Gianotti, described Strumius' statements as "highly offensive" and announced that he interrupted professional cooperation with him.

Strumius' speech, however, shows how difficult the position of women in science, research, but also in art or in the field of peaceful efforts is. Either they are ignored as a second -sex representative, or rejected as careeries, supported by the unfair quota system. In short, he won't be grateful! At the same time, it is enough to look at the numbers: the Nobel Prize in its history from 1901 to 2020 won a total of 57 women (for the accuracy-the prices awarded to women were 58, but the mentioned Marie Curie-Skłodowska won twice) out of a total of nearly a thousand awarded. But there is also one encouragement: while only twelve women received it in the first sixty years of the Nobel Prize, in the last twenty years there are twenty -eight! The most tragic is the situation in physics, where only four women have been awarded, and in economics where only two women have been awarded - but it is necessary to emphasize that Nobel has not remembered economics in his will, at his time was not yet recognized science, the Academy It has not been awarded it since 1968.

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Quiet versus controversial times

Bertha von suttner: žena s českými kořeny, která získala nobelovu cenu za mír

The Nobel Prizes are non -political at first glance, but the other one plays the role of various "modes" and the effort to balance. They take turns more scandalous and calmer years - like the Nobel Louis Glück literature last year. For iROZHLAS.cz, Glück commented the Americanist Hana Ulmanová as an effort to calm down after the Bob Dylan award in 2017, which was one of the more controversial: “It is a pleasant surprise that it reached for a woman and a poet. It is one of the best contemporary American poets, but if I wanted to arouse discussion, I would say that for example, American poets such as Marianne Moore or Elizabeth Bishop will write down much more. In addition, Glück is a poet who deals with the natural world and actually reassures us that the world of nature remains the same. But perhaps this is not the case today and we have other important American authors - prose writers Thomas Pynchon, Don Delill, Cormac McCarthy, who, on the other hand, warn us that human technological interventions in nature can be irreversible and may end disastrous. ”

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At the same time, with any social affiliation of laureates and laureates, "political" games are often played - ethnicity, nationality and gender are being watched, and it is assumed that after the white American's award, the jury should balance the election by emphasis on Arab, South American or African literature.“Alfred Nobel explicitly stated that we should not take into account the nationality in the award.In his will he wrote that the prize deserves the best individual, regardless of whether he is Scandinavian or not.So we will never introduce quotas for nations, ethnic affiliation let alone sex.It is important that an individual who receives the Nobel Prize is awarded this price because she or he is the best recipient.And that should never be doubt, ”said Göran Hanson, head of the ceremony last year.

In an interview with Nature, he admitted that even if more women were getting into the Nobel prizes, this does not mean that these women will be offset by their nominations by gender, that is, "women are no more likely to nominate women than in men".But not only women are not only nominated, for example in scientific disciplines, it has been much more likely to appear among the inflected names and Japanese scientists, but this is not just the effort to balance the "White Americans", but reflects the simple fact thatIn Japan, science and research are invested very much and therefore goes in advance and the parties - and it in turn affects the proposed candidates.

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However, the emphasis on the diversity of laureates is not self -purposeful, as the critics of quotas might seem: “We realize that the Nobel Prize laureates become a role model and it is important to have patterns of women and people from different ethnic groups.At the same time, we must identify the most important discoveries and appreciate the individuals who have performed them.If we give up, we depreciated the Nobel Prize and I think it would eventually hurt everyone, ”explains Hanson.And he adds: "The most important changes must take place in schools and universities: women must be supported in natural science studies and must have equal opportunities set during their career on academic ground."

The Nobel Prize is so big that institutions have been found in history that have begun to award their own awards to try to correct the Swedish Academy.In the literary world, the Noble Prize Award is known (from Nobel Prize, it really distinguishes it only by a swap of two letters), awarded by the Brussels Literary House of Passa Porta to those who could or even won the Nobel Prize.In 2008 she appreciated Passa Porta Franz Kafka and a year ago Virginia Woolf, which, although one of the most famous women - literature, never won the Nobel Prize.And it was not nominated for it, as we can read from archives today.Another alternative to the Nobel Prize is the Right Liveliography Awards, which was won last year by ecologist Greta Thunberg - just referred to as the biggest favorite of the Nobel Peace Prize, which she eventually did not receive.

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They call me a little one

In addition to the nationality and gender, the age, the youngest awarded in the peace category, is a woman, a Pakistani activist and warrior for the right of girls to Education Malla Júsufzaj, who was awarded in 2014 when she was just seventeen years old.How did it happen?Her father owned several schools in Pakistan, and when the BBC journalists came to him that they wanted to map, how difficult it is in a country with a strong influence of the Taliban for girls to be admitted to study, he decided to find courageous students at their schools and journalistsis recommended.

But it was too dangerous and none of the girls dared talk about the situation.Malál's father therefore designed his eleven -year -old daughter, who started to work.When she grew up, she was already so familiar with her enthusiastic effort to fight for the education of girls that they invited her to the UN, where she performed a speech on her sixteenth birthday.She said, “Extremists are afraid of books, the power of education scares them.The book and the pen - these are our strongest weapons. ”It was not easy - during its work in 2012 was deliberately seriously injured by the Taliban shooter, its condition was critical, but recovered - and its shooting paradoxically led to a huge international resistance against the influence of extremists on the influence of extremists oneducation.A documentary about a girl called call me Malla even got into a narrower Oscar nomination.

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Searching in archives of nominated

We will not find out how much women proposed at the Nobel Prize are so easy. Wider nominations are published with a 50 -year distance, because their current publication would affect hopes for the coming years, and a 50 -year distance seems to be sufficiently "safe". The archives show that Marie Curie-Skłodowska in 1902 was the first nominated woman at all, it was her nomination for a prize for physics, and changed the second one a year later. Interestingly, another woman nominated for physics was only in 1934 Iréne Yoliot-Curie, Maria's daughter. In medicine, the first nominated women were nominated in the 1920s, but none of them changed and succeeded in 1947 by Gerty Cori - by the way Laureta linked to the Czech Republic as strongly as Bertha von Suttner - and similarly forgotten in our country. She graduated in Prague in 1920, and because she was Jewish, she emigrated with her husband to the United States, where she then worked. By the way, Bertha von Suttner was nominated as the first in 1901, and changed the nomination, as we said, only four years later. It is interesting to discuss with old nominations: just because how many times the name of Karel Čapek, Otokar Březina or Alois Jirásek appears in the nominations.

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Nobel Prize Laure

Price for physics

• 2020 Andrea Ghez • 2018 Donna Strickland • 1963 Maria Goeppert Mayer • 1903 Marie Curie -skłodowska

Chemistry price

• 2020 Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna • 2018 Frances H. Arnold • 2009 Ada E. Yonath • 1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin • 1935 Irène Joliot-Curie • 1911 Marie Curie -skłodowska

Price for medicine

• 2015 TU youyou • 2014 May-britt Moser • 2009 Elizabeth H. Blackburn and Carol W. Greider • 2008 Françoise Barré-Sinoussi • 2004 Linda B. Buck • 1995 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard • 1988 Gertrude B. Elion • 1986 Rita Levi- Montalcini • 1983 Barbara McClintock • 1977 Rosalyn Yalow • 1947 Gerty Theresa Cori

Literature Award

• 2020 Louise Glück • 2018 Olga Tokarczuk • 2015 Svetlana Alexievich • 2013 Alice Munro • 2009 Hert Müller • 2007 Doris Lessing • 2004 Elfriede Jelinek • 1996 Wislawa Szymborska • 1993 Toni Morrison • 1991Pearl Buck • 1928 Sigrid Undset • 1926 Grazia Deleedda • 1909 Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf

Peace Price

• 2018 Nadia Murad • 2014 Malala Júsafzai • 2011 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah GBowe and Tawakkol Karman • 2004 Wangari Muta Muta Muta • 2003 Shirin Ebadi • 1997 Jody Williams • 1992Tereza • 1976 Betty Williams and Maired Corrigan • 1946 Emily Greene Balch • 1931 Jane Addams • 1905 Bertha von Suttner

Economics Price

• 2019 Esther Duflo • 2009 Elinor Ostrom