• 15/06/2022
• By wizewebsite
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Do you know all US presidents?List, attractions and history<

Znáte všechny americké prezidenty? Seznam, zajímavosti a historie

The President of the United States, which is the third largest country in the world and the third most populous country of the planet, is the head of state and government, the head of the executive and the commander of the armed forces.It is elected for a four -year term and has not been elected more than twice since 1951.

The choice is indirectly, voters select the electors.They will then meet and choose the President and Vice President.However, every American has no vote.Only the inhabitants of 50 countries can vote and since 1961 people from the capital of Washington, D.C.The constitutional amendment number 23 was needed.

Jak je volen americký prezidentVolby USA

During history, the United States has proven many times that they are probably the world's most powerful superpower.Their president is therefore considered one of the most powerful characters of the planet.Who led the country?

1. George Washington (1789–1797)

George Washington started out as a plantation, growing tobacco in Virginia.In 1775 he was appointed Chief Commander of the Continental Militi, which he waged in the War of Independence.He eventually won it with the help of Europe and became the first president of the United States.In addition, he was the only one in history to be unanimous and at the same time he was the only winning independent candidate.

He decided not to run for two term of office, thus establishing a tradition between the following heads of the state.However, the constitution did not set the limit of the number of elected to the office until the mid -20th century.

2. John Adams (1797–1801)

Originally a lawyer, writer and political activist John Adams was one of the main leaders of the fight for independence.During the reign of George Washington, he held the position of first vice -president.As a head of state, he was hard criticized for expenditure on the maritime war against France, which he then resolved under his pressure.He was the first "tenant" of the White House.

3. Thomas Jefferson (1801–1809)

Thomas Jefferson is one of the main authors of the Declaration of Independence of 1776. It is still considered to be a very respected president, his greatest success was the purchase of Louisiana, which belonged to France.He fought against international slave trade, but had several hundred.After leaving the presidential office he founded the University of Buffalo and Virginia.

His first election entered history as a very lengthy choice.At that time, the winner of the vote of the choir of the electors became the president, the second place in the second place.Jefferson, however, tied with Aaron Burr, followed by the presidential election at the Chamber of Deputies of the representatives.In it, states still vote as a whole.Jefferson won the majority in the 36th round - thanks to the votes of 10 of the 16 countries at that time won.

4. James Madison (1809–1817)

James Madison is one of the main authors of the American Declaration of Independence.In the position of chairman of the Chamber of Deputies, he cooperated with President Washington to organize a new government.He was the first to conduct the war as the President-the British-American War in 1812. With 163 centimeters, he was the smallest president in history.

5. James Monroe (1817–1825)

President James Monroe declared the so -called Monroe's doctrine, according to which the European powers do not have the right to interfere with the affairs of independent states in the territory of the American continent.At the same time, this doctrine stated that the US is not interested in interfereing in Europe, thus launching the foundation stone for the policy of isolationism.

6. John Quincy Adams (1825–1829)

John Quincy Adams was the first president whose father was also the president.Before the presidency he held the post of Foreign Minister and acquired for the United States of Florida.As one of the few presidents, he also held an important elected office after leaving the office.He headed to the House of Representatives, in which Massachusetts represented 17 years until his death at the age of 80 in 1848.

7. Andrew Jackson (1829–1837)

He was famous for the pursuit of the Indians, which he absolutely did not recognize, as well as blacks.However, he was very popular among politicians and publicly supported many of the following presidents.

8. Martin van Buren (1837–1841)

Although he was born in the United States, he was the first US president to have no English, Irish or Scottish ancestors.At the same time, his mother tongue was not English - he used Dutch as his native language.

9. William Henry Harrison (1841)

He came from the family of Virginian plantations, his father Benjamin Harrison was one of the founders.He had the longest inaugural speech lasting an hour and a half, but in the presidential mandate he remained the shortest of all US presidents - he ruled only 30 days, 11 hours and 30 minutes.He probably died as a result of the pneumonia of the lung, which he got when he made a speech in the rain at a ceremonial launch.His grandson Benjamin Harrison was president of the US in 1889–1893.

His death caused a discussion of the nature of succession to the presidency.The constitution stated that the deprivation of the presidency was taken over by the authority of the Vice President.But it was not clear whether the Vice President would become the Executive President, or the Vice President would take over the presidential office, including the title.

10. John Tyler (1841–1845)

Harrison's cabinet saw John Tyler as a executive president, but Tyler wanted the office and everything that belongs to him.The promise has become a proper president.The first one that was not elected to this function.He also set up a record as the shortest time serving the vice -president.

Within domestic politics, Tyler was not a strong president, but he experienced success in the field of foreign policy, including peace treaties with British colonies in the north of the US or China.He was a key figure in Texas annex.

He died in 1862 during the American Civil War.Because of his sympathy for confederation, he became the only president whose coffin was packed in a non -American flag at the funeral.In his case it was the flag of the confederated states of America.

11. James K. Polk (1845–1849)

James K. Polk, a member of the Democratic Party, is known mainly for the expansion of the American territory during the war with Mexico, with the Texas Republic and the territory on the Pacific coast.He was also the owner of several plantations, where he served a large number of slaves.No president did so shortly after leaving office - 103 days later he died of cholera.

12. Zachary Taylor (1849–1850)

He served forty years in the US Army, then was appointed Whigy as their presidential candidate.He died of inflammation of the digestive system sixteen months after his election.After him, Vice President Millard Fillmore.

13. Millard Fillmore (1850–1853)

He was born in poverty, but thanks to his studies he developed into a recognized lawyer.He only served as President after Taylor, then he was no longer elected as a candidate of the Whig Party.He stood at the establishment of an independent state of California.

14. Franklin Pierce (1853–1857)

At the time of his presidency, tension in the US grew, mainly because of the question of slavery.In Kansas and Nebrasce, he gave people a choice if they wanted to have slavery in the country or not, which has led to numerous conflicts.

15. James Buchanan (1857–1861)

Experienced diplomat, lawyer and politician.He has been and is still criticized for his inactivity in slave issues.Immediately after the end of his presidential period, the northern states began to split away from the rest of the US and the civil war began.Historians are considered one of the worst presidents.

16. Abraham Lincoln (1861–1865)

Abraham Lincoln was a long -time fighter against slavery, which eventually became fatal.In the Civil War, which broke out in 1861 due to the question of slavery and lasted four years, North supported.Lincoln was re -elected in 1864 by the president - most of the Union soldiers fighting for the north were given his vote.Inauguration was attended for the first time part of the black population, civic associations and a black army battalion.

On April 14, 1865, the assassination was committed at Lincoln.Actor John Booth, a fan of the south, shot him in the theater.Lincoln allegedly seemed about the assassination the day before.At the end of 1865, slavery was canceled by the 13th Amendment to the Constitution.

Lincolnův cylindr má dostat prezidentskou knihovnu z dluhůAmerika

17. Andrew Johnson (1865–1869)

He ran alongside Lincoln for the Vice Presidential Office for Lincoln's second term.The idea of unifying the war of a ambivalent country than the previous vice president Hannibal Hamlin complied more.Johnson spent only 42 days as Vice President, and after the murder of Lincoln, he promoted to his top office.

He was the first US President to face a constitutional lawsuit (impeachment).The House of Representatives successfully accused him, the Senate liberated him in the subsequent trial, and one voice was missing.In 1868 he unsuccessfully applied for the nomination of the Democratic Party for other elections.After leaving the White House he was re -elected to the Senate, but died in 1875 after four months in office.

18. Ulysses S. Grant (1869–1877)

He won many important battles when he fought for the Union.He signed the laws that guaranteed voting rights to blacks and rubbed the leaders of the Ku Klux clan.Yet its work at the head of the United States is not only taken positive.His rule was accompanied by numerous scandals, mainly related to the corruption of collaborators he chose.He refused to acknowledge their guilt, although the evidence spoke clearly.He entrusted many authorities to his friends and political supporters for whom he was, even though they did not work.

19. Rutherford B. Hayes (1877–1881)

The presidential election won one vote.After its election, Republican troops withdrew from the south and the reconstruction period began.Hayes believed in the equality of citizens and implemented a number of civil reforms.He is considered a fighter as human rights.

20. James A. Garfield (1881)

The president was only six months and fifteen days.On July 2, 1881, he was shot by Charles Julius Guiteau in Washington.One bullet scratched him on his arm, the other ended in his back.No one could find it and Garfield died on September 19 in pain for infection (hygiene and sterility did not matter at that time).

21. Chester A. Arthur (1881–1885)

He took the government after the assassination of Garfield.His entry into office was associated with criticism and pessimism because of his previous political action.Arthur, however, managed the term of office very well and left generally respected.

22. Grover Cleveland (1885–1889)

He is the only American president whose term of office did not follow himself.He revealed the statue of freedom that the United States received from France.In 1886, the only US President was married during his office.His wife Frances became the youngest first lady in the US history at the age of 21.

23. Benjamin Harrison (1889–1893)

He was the first American president to vote by a phonograph.He fought for the rights of American blacks, but was very criticized for spending federal money.He died of the flu.

24. Grover Cleveland (1893–1897)

With his 27 -year -old wife, he had three daughters and two sons.His daughters Esther and Marion are the only children born to the reigning US president.

25. William McKinley (1897–1901)

A native of Ohio was the last president to fight in the civil war.He led America to victory in the war with Spain for power in the Caribbean.He was elected president for the second time, but on September 6, 1901, anarchist Leon Czolgosz fired twice.The President died eight days after the attack.

26. Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909)

One of the most important presidents in US history and remains the youngest politician who has become president.He took the office at 42 years.He significantly expanded the area to reservations and natural parks.He was involved in the construction of the Panama Canal.He also paid attention to the prevention of forest fires and afforestation.

He also received the Nobel Peace Prize.During the First World War he hardly criticized the US absence in the European conflict.Was blind to the left eye due to the box injury.

At that time, the Constitution did not prohibit other candidates, but the Republican Roosevelt refused to continue.He considered restrictions on the term of office as a policy against the dictatorship.However, he considered the steps of another President (also a Republican) of Taft as weak and in 1912 founded the progress of the party he ran for.He finished second behind Woodrow Wilson, but defeated Tafta.

27. William Howard Taft (1909–1913)

After the President's office, he became the tenth chairman of the Supreme Court and is the only one who composed the presidential oath and whose oath was also composed.Presidents of Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover composed him as chairman.

28. Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921)

Woodrow Wilson was headed by the US during the First World War.The United States entered the war on April 6, 1917. The general conscription was announced.The US accession meant a boost for the parties of the agreement exhausted by a protracted trench war.The US provided both soldiers and resources.

But Wilson has already sought to secure peace during the war.He came up with the plan of the establishment of the Society of Nations, where even small countries would have the same rights as the great, and hoped that the negotiations would prevent further conflicts.Because of his idea in many ways, he retreated to the Allies from the Agreement who wanted to ensure that Germany was never threatening them again.In particular, he retreated to reparations.In the isolationist US, however, its idea did not receive support and the United States did not enter the society of nations.

Wilson's contribution to the economy was significant.He stabilized the currency, promoted greater control and management of the economy, prevented the creation of large monopolies, and pushed some social reforms.In 1919 he won the Nobel Peace Prize.Wilson remains the only president to be buried in Washington D. C.

Habsburkové za první války nechali vyhladovět VídeňHistorie

29. Warren G. Harding (1921–1923)

Harding was a newspaper publisher before joining the office.On August 2, 1923, he died of cardiac arrest.He was very popular before his death, his reputation then dreamed the cases about the mistress and corruption scandal.

30. Calvin Coolidge (1923–1929)

He defended the rights of Catholics and African -Americans.As the first US President, he began to use radio for political purposes and convened the most press conferences from this position in history.

31. Herbert Hoover (1929–1933)

Hoover was the son of immigrants from Germany and Switzerland and the original name was Huber.As a US trade Minister of 1924, he guaranteed the First International World Congress on scientific proceedings held at the National Museum in Prague with President Masaryk.During his reign, a great economic crisis broke out.

32. Franklin delano Roosevelt (1933–1945)

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, distant cousin Theodor Roosevelt, was the longest serving American president.He was elected four times in a row and ruled throughout World War II.

In 1921 he had a palsy, partially paralyzed and as a result had to use a wheelchair sometimes.During the President's campaign, he was committed on February 15, 1933, in which the mayor of Chicago died instead of him.

In March 1940, he pushed the approval of the Loan and Rental Act, which allowed weapons and food to be provided to countries whose defense was important to ensure the US security.He then contributed to the establishment of good relations with the Soviet Union, which was crucial for the defeat of Germany.He also participated in the Conference of the Big Three in Tehran and Yalta.

In the last election campaign, he was very sick.In addition to physical exhaustion, he was also troubled by depression and blood vessel disease.In this catastrophic health, when his hands were shaking and often absent from the spirit, he went to the Yalta Conference, where the post -war division of Europe was decided.After returning, the press and the public started to retreat.He died shortly after returning from the Jalt conference on April 12, 1945 of the stroke when the painter drew his portrait.

Podvody a lži, které tvořily světovou historii. Vichistický režim neexistoval, tvrdil de GaulleHistorie

33. Harry S. Truman (1945–1953)

In January 1945, Truman took over the Vice President as the third man standing next to President F. D. Roosevelt, who defended his office for the fourth term.After Roosevelt's sudden death less than three months later he became president.

He approved the use of atomic bombs against Japan.Truman's doctrine from 1947 frames the beginning of the Cold War.Truman is the only American president to use weapons of mass destruction.

During his reign, the 22nd amendment to the US Constitution stipulated that future presidents could be elected twice.So the four election victories of F. D. Roosevelt could no longer be repeated.

34. Dwight Eisenhower (1953–1961)

He became famous as the commander of the Allied troops in Western Europe, which contributed to the fall of the Nazi Third Reich.In 1952 he left for retirement and began to devote himself to politics.During the Cold War he promoted nuclear intimidation policy.He supported the desegregation of American schools and contributed to the network of motorways.

35. John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1961–1963)

At the age of 43, J. F. Kennedy became the youngest US President who won the elections.He was also the first Catholic at the head of the US.He faced several affairs because of knit with actresses, including the famous Marilyn Monroe.His wife was Jacqueline (née Bouvier, later Onassis), who women often imitated in her fashion style and is still a fashion icon.He died at the assassination of November 22, 1963, committed by Lee Harvey Oswald.

Hollywoodský idol Chris Pine v dramatu o vraždě prezidenta Kennedyho Kultura

36. Lyndon B. Johnson (1963–1969)

He took over the office after Kennedy, but was also elected for the next period.During his reign, the Vietnam War broke out in the full force, culminating in the black movement for civil rights (Martin Luther King was murdered in 1968) and a law disturbing racial restrictions for immigration were adopted.

37. Richard Milous Nixon (1969–1974)

For eight years, Eisenhower's government worked in the role of Vice President, in 1960 he lost to John F. Kennedy in the elections.

Nixon is mainly associated with the Watergate affair, when it turned out that wiretaps were installed at the headquarters of the competing Democrats and he knew about it.He was the only one to be elected by the American vice -president and the president, and at the same time he is the only American president to resign.

During his presidency, relations with the Soviet Union and China were normalized.In 1972 he visited the first US President China and met the leader Mao Zedung.He died on April 22, 1994 as a result of a stroke he had four days before.

Husajn Iráku před invazí dávno nevládl. Tvrdí to agent CIA, který ho vyslýchalBlízký a Střední východ

38. Gerald Ford (1974–1977)

In 1973 he resigned from his position as Vice President Spiro Agnew and Ford took his place after approval by the Senate.A year later Nixon resigned and Ford took over the presidency.Ford is the only president and vice -president of the United States to get these authorities without being elected to one of them.Ford then granted Nixon's grace in the president's chair, for which he was widely criticized.

For Ford's presidency, Americans have definitely withdrawn from Vietnam.In September 1975, two assassinations were committed, both of them committed women and both were unsuccessful and sentenced to life imprisonment.Ford sought to re -election, but lost to Jimmy Carter in 1976.

39. Jimmy Carter (1977–1981)

Carter pushed through national energy policy and introduced measures to protect the environment.His great success was the conclusion of the peace agreement between Israel and Egypt in David's Camp in 1979, the Agreement on the handover of Panama Canal and the established diplomatic relations with China and the continuation of disarmament negotiations with the USSR.

But he could not respond to the overthrow of Shah in Iran, when American citizens were detained for months to the embassy in Tehran.Operations for their liberation ended in a fiasco.

In 1982 he founded The Carter Center, a non -profit organization seeking to strengthen human rights in the world and alleviate human suffering.In 2002 he received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work.No US President has lived so old and no one lived so long after leaving the White House.Carter was born in 1924.

40. Ronald Wilson Reagan (1981–1989)

At the age of 69 he became the oldest new US president.Reagan first became famous as an actor, as the first president was his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.His years in the White House are associated mainly with the fall of the Iron Curtain.He became the target of the assassination when John Hinckley fired after him, but the bullet missed the heart and hit the lungs and the president survived.Towards the end of his life he suffered from Alzheimer's disease.

41. George H. W. Bush (1989–1993)

George H. W. Bush was the last US president to personally participate in World War II.After eight years in the office of Vice President under Reagan's government, he followed his own election victory in 1988. He joined the office at the end of the Cold War when the eastern block disintegrated.In 1990 he visited Prague.During his reign, Bush had to solve the Gulf situation.He and his wife Barbara were married 73 years before she died in 2018. Bush ended half a year after his wife.

42. Bill Clinton (1993–2001)

Bill Clinton's government is associated with an affair with an intern MONIKA Lewinská, for which he was subjected to the second US President of the Calculation.However, it survived in 1998.

His government is one of the most successful in the US history.He stopped the growing deficit and at the end of the second term of office the US budget was surplus.He raised taxes the richest people and companies.During his reign, we managed to negotiate peace agreements from Oslo between Palestinians and Israel.The Dayton Agreement was also concluded, which ended the bloody conflict in the Balkans.

His presidential period, however, is not only successful.For example, he approved the bombing of Yugoslavia within NATO, although evidence for ethnic cleansing was not sufficiently substantiated.The event grew into a two -and -a -half -month bombing of Yugoslavia.

Lewinská chystá seriál o aféře s ClintonemAmerika

43. George W. Bush (2001–2009)

Son of President George H. W. Bush.His government is mainly associated with war conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.He had to respond to the attack of Islamic terrorists from the Al-Qaeda network, who attacked New York and Washington on September 11, 2001.Bush declared a "war against terrorism", and when the Taliban refused to issue an initiator of attacks on September 11 Osama Bin Laden, the US Air Force began to attack Afghanistan on October 7.Kabul soon fell after the subsequent invasion and the Taliban's government.But the war has failed to bring to a successful end and the conflict still persists and is the longest in American history.

The United States attacked the United States on March 20, 2003. Although forces under the leadership of Americans progressed quickly and Saddam Hussein fell, the initial success disappeared.The war grew into a protracted conflict, when Americans had to deal with the rebels connected to terrorists and sectarian violence.

In any case, the United States had no procedure after the enemy's defeat.In the case of Iraq, it turned out that the reasons for attack were unfounded.Bush also developed an expensive missile defense system, although it was long after the Cold War.

All conflicts cost trillion dollars and Bush ended up with a record deficit in the state coffers.This was also helped by the fact that it reduced taxes.He is the only president to pass a marathon.

44. Barack Obama (2009–2017)

Barack Obama became the first American president of dark skin, comes from a mixed marriage.During his reign, American troops withdrew from Iraq and Osama bin Laden fell.He signed a contract to restrict strategic weapons with Russia and introduced compulsory health insurance.

Barack Obama, 44. americký prezidentAmerika

45. Donald John Trump (2017–2021)

His main motto was "Make America Great Again!" (Let's make America great again!).He held a sharp anti-migration policy, made it impossible to enter the US citizens of some Muslim countries, and promised to build a wall on the American-Mexican border to prevent illegal migration.As the third president in history, he faced impeachment, as the first president stood against two constitutional lawsuits.

Donald Trump, 45. prezident USAVolby USA

46. Joe Biden (from 2021)

Democrat, who spent 36 years in the Senate as a representative of the state of Delaware.Then 8 worked alongside Barack Obama as Vice President.He has been in office since 20 January 2021. He is the oldest president in the US history and joined the office at 78 years.He was the first to include the interpreter in the character speech in everyday print briefs.

Prezident Spojených států amerických Joe Biden. Zvítězil při třetím pokusuVolby USAyknivoNumanzeSaNyknalC